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English Word Stress – Does It Really Matter?

Yes and no.

Yes, if you are a non-native speaker who speaks English (classified as English speakers from the UK, Australia, New Zealand and North America).

No, if you are a non-native English speaker speaking to another non-native speaker (…classified as everyone else).

Let me explain.

English teaching theory is traditionally based on native forms of English, more specifically British and American varieties of English. However, in today’s international community, where more than 1 billion non-native speakers of English use English as a lingua franca, teaching theory is shifting to focus on English as an International Language (EIL).

According to the study of the English language by linguist Jennifer Jenkins, there are certain factors in the pronunciation of English that can affect the degree of intelligibility between the speaker and the listener. If you’re talking to a native English speaker, word stress is one of those factors, but Jenkins found that when two non-native speakers interact in EIL, word stress has little effect on intelligibility.

So why are native speakers so stressed about word stress?

Stress shows personality

Anyone who has ever communicated between the BBC and CNN has probably noticed the differences between standard English and standard American word stress. This caused quite a controversy (US) or should I say “conTROVersy” (UK).

For a native English speaker, certain word stress is considered appropriate or inappropriate depending on where the person is from. “Inappropriate” word stress can really rub listeners the wrong way because it deviates from their norms and suggests that the speaker is “other”—an outsider. This can be quite CONFUSING (US)/frustrating (UK) for non-native speakers who are just trying to get their point across.

If you spend hours in the language LABoratory (USA) or laBORatory (UK), non-native English speakers still lose out when it comes to speaking with native speakers internationally.

“Well, which variety is correct?” This is the question I get asked the most in my language courses. I always give the same answer: “Depends on who you ask!”

Stress indicates different meanings of the same words

However, in one case, word stress can cause problems whether you’re a native English speaker or a non-native speaker: words with the same spelling but different meanings (and different word stresses).

A pilot once told me a story about a cabin crew member informing him of an insecure passenger on board. The pilot was a bit confused and wondered if the passenger had a ticket or was not on the list. He couldn’t figure out what the problem was. It wasn’t until the flight attendant continued to explain that the passenger was in a wheelchair and had special needs that the pilot realized he meant “WRONG!”

This is a perfect example of how imprecise word stress can cause problems. And in this case, both the pilot and flight attendant were non-native speakers of English.

Stress indicates parts of speech

Word stress can also distinguish a word’s part of speech—more specifically, whether a word is a noun or a verb. There are many examples of words that take the stress on the first syllable as nouns but stress the second syllable as verbs.

Say the following words out loud:

Progress – progress

Object – Object

NOTE – NOTE

We would never say, “He wants to make a record one day,” but rather, “make a record.”

Unfortunately, this is not the general rule, and there are many English words that sound the same as both verbs and nouns: travel, picture, word, and visit are a few examples.

But what’s a non-native English speaker to do? I always recommend sticking to the shape that is most comfortable for you. You might confuse an American VIP when you call him DIGnitary instead of DIGniTARy, but he’ll also be annoyed when you call fries “chips” and cookies “biscuits.”

Communication is a two-way street with compromise and understanding on both sides. If you encounter people who can’t pick up on your conversation, they probably aren’t worth talking to anyway!

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